注射用氯化钾的副作用是什么

注射用氯化钾可能导致高钾血症、肌肉痉挛、神经毒性、代谢性酸中毒或心律失常等副作用。

1.高钾血症

高钾血症的发生是由于体内钾离子浓度高于正常范围，导致心脏传导功能障碍。可能导致心肌收缩力减弱、心跳缓慢甚至停止，严重时可引起心源性猝死。

2.肌肉痉挛

肌肉痉挛通常是因为电解质紊乱引起的肌肉兴奋性增高和代谢异常。可能引发局部肌肉疼痛、僵硬或抽搐，长期存在会导致肌肉损伤。

3.神经毒性

Neurotoxicity is caused by the accumulation of potassium in neurons, which can disrupt normal nerve function.The symptoms may include numbness, tingling, weakness or even paralysis depending on the severity and location of the affected nerves.

4.代谢性酸中毒

Metabolic acidosis occurs when there is an imbalance between bicarbonate production and consumption, leading to an increase in endogenous acid production and a decrease in bicarbonate availability.Its effects on the body include increased respiratory rate, decreased blood pH, and impaired cognitive function.

5.心律失常

Cardiac arrhythmias result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart due to electrolyte imbalances like high potassium levels.This can lead to palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, and if severe enough, cardiac arrest.

使用注射用氯化钾需监测患者的电解质水平，避免潜在的副作用。建议定期进行血液检测以评估钾离子浓度，确保其处于安全范围内。